BIP 23

Abstract

This BIP describes extensions to the getblocktemplate JSON-RPC call to enhance pooled mining.

Copyright

This BIP is licensed under the BSD 2-clause license.

Specification

Note that all sections of this specification are optional extensions on top of BIP 22.

Summary Support Levels

Something can be said to have BIP 23 Level 1 support if it implements at least:

RFC 1945
JSON-RPC 1.0
BIP 22 (non-optional sections)
BIP 22 Long Polling
BIP 23 Basic Pool Extensions
BIP 23 Mutation “coinbase/append”
BIP 23 Submission Abbreviation “submit/coinbase”
BIP 23 Mutation “time/increment” (only required for servers)

It can be said to have BIP 23 Level 2 support if it also implements:

BIP 23 Mutation “transactions/add”
BIP 23 Block Proposals

Basic Pool Extensions

template request
Key	Type	Description
target	String	desired target for block template (may be ignored)

template
Key	Type	Description
expires	Number	how many seconds (beginning from when the server sent the response) this work is valid for, at most
target	String	the number which valid results must be less than, in big-endian hexadecimal

Block Proposal

Servers may indicate support for proposing blocks by including a capability string in their original template:

template
Key	Type	Description
capabilities	Array of Strings	MAY contain “proposal” to indicate support for block proposal
reject-reason	String	Reason the proposal was invalid as-is (only applicable in response to proposals)

If supported, a miner MAY propose a block to the server for general validation at any point before the job expires. This is accomplished by calling getblocktemplate with two keys:

getblocktemplate parameters
Key	Type	Description
data	String	MUST be hex-encoded block data
mode	String	MUST be “proposal”
workid	String	if the server provided a workid, it MUST be included with proposals

The block data MUST be validated and checked against the server’s usual acceptance rules (excluding the check for a valid proof-of-work). If it is found to be in violation of any of these rules, the server MUST return one of the following:

Null if it is acceptable as-is, with the same workid (if any) as provided. Note that this SHOULD NOT invalidate the old template’s claim to the same workid.
A String giving the reason for the rejection (see example rejection reasons).
A “delta” block template (with changes needed); in this case, any missing keys are assumed to default to those in the proposed block or, if not applicable, the original block template it was based on. This template MAY also include a “reject-reason” key with a String of the reason for rejection.

It is RECOMMENDED that servers which merely need to track the proposed block for later share/* submissions, return a simple Object of the form:

{"workid":"new workid"}

Clients SHOULD assume their proposed block will remain valid if the only changes they make are to the portion of the coinbase scriptSig they themselves provided (if any) and the time header. Servers SHOULD NOT break this assumption without good cause.

Mutations

template request
Key	Type	Description
nonces	Number	size of nonce range the miner needs; if not provided, the server SHOULD assume the client requires 2³²

template
Key	Type	Description
maxtime	Number	the maximum time allowed
maxtimeoff	Number	the maximum time allowed (as a moving offset from “curtime” - every second, the actual maxtime is incremented by 1; for example, “maxtimeoff”:0 means “time” may be incremented by 1 every second)
mintime	Number	the minimum time allowed
mintimeoff	Number	the minimum time allowed (as a moving offset from “curtime”)
mutable	Array of Strings	different manipulations that the server explicitly allows to be made
noncerange	String	two 32-bit integers, concatenated in big-endian hexadecimal, which represent the valid ranges of nonces the miner may scan

If the block template contains a “mutable” key, it is a list of these to signify modifications the miner is allowed to make:

mutations
Value	Significance
coinbase/append	append the provided coinbase scriptSig
coinbase	provide their own coinbase; if one is provided, it may be replaced or modified (implied if “coinbasetxn” omitted)
generation	add or remove outputs from the coinbase/generation transaction (implied if “coinbasetxn” omitted)
time/increment	change the time header to a value after “time” (implied if “maxtime” or “maxtimeoff” are provided)
time/decrement	change the time header to a value before “time” (implied if “mintime” is provided)
time	modify the time header of the block
transactions/add (or “transactions”)	add other valid transactions to the block (implied if “transactions” omitted from result)
prevblock	use the work with other previous-blocks; this implicitly allows removing transactions that are no longer valid (but clients SHOULD attempt to propose removal of any required transactions); it also implies adjusting “height” as necessary
version/force	encode the provide block version, even if the miner doesn’t understand it
version/reduce	use an older block version than the one provided (for example, if the client does not support the version provided)

Submission Abbreviation

template
Key	Type	Description
fulltarget	String	the number which full results should be less than, in big-endian hexadecimal (see “share/*” mutations)
mutable	Array of Strings	different manipulations that the server explicitly allows to be made, including abbreviations

If the block template contains a “mutable” key, it is a list of these to signify modifications the miner is allowed to make:

abbreviation mutations
Value	Significance
submit/hash	each transaction being sent in a request, that the client is certain the server knows about, may be replaced by its hash in little-endian hexadecimal, prepended by a “:” character
submit/coinbase	if the “transactions” provided by the server are used as-is with no changes, submissions may omit transactions after the coinbase (transaction count varint remains included with the full number of transactions)
submit/truncate	if the “coinbasetxn” and “transactions” provided by the server are used as-is with no changes, submissions may contain only the block header; if only the scriptSig of “coinbasetxn” is modified, the params Object MUST contain a “coinbasesig” key with the content, or a “coinbaseadd” with appended data (if only appending)
share/coinbase	same as “submit/coinbase”, but only if the block hash is greater than “fulltarget”
share/merkle	if the block hash is greater than “fulltarget”, the non-coinbase transactions may be replaced with a merkle chain connecting it to the root
share/truncate	same as “submit/truncate”, but only if the block hash is greater than “fulltarget”

Format of Data for Merkle-Only Shares

The format used for submitting shares with the “share/merkle” mutation shall be the 80-byte block header, the total number of transactions encoded in Bitcoin variable length number format, the coinbase transaction, and then finally the little-endian SHA256 hashes of each link in the merkle chain connecting it to the merkle root.

Logical Services

template request
Key	Type	Description
capabilities	Array of Strings	miners which support this SHOULD provide a list including the String “serverlist”

template
Key	Type	Description
serverlist	Array of Objects	list of servers in this single logical service

If the “serverlist” parameter is provided, clients MAY choose to intelligently treat the server as part of a larger single logical service.

Each host Object in the Array is comprised of the following fields:

serverlist element
Key	Type	Description
uri	String	URI of the individual server; if authentication information is omitted, the same authentication used for this request MUST be assumed
avoid	Number	number of seconds to avoid using this server
priority	Number	an integer priority of this host (default: 0)
sticky	Number	number of seconds to stick to this server when used
update	Boolean	whether this server may update the serverlist (default: true)
weight	Number	a relative weight for hosts with the same priority (default: 1)

When choosing which actual server to get the next job from, URIs MUST be tried in order of their “priority” key, lowest Number first. Where the priority of URIs is the same, they should be chosen from in random order, weighed by their “weight” key. Work proposals and submissions MUST be made to the same server that issued the job. Clients MAY attempt to submit to other servers if, and only if, the original server cannot be reached. If cross-server share submissions are desired, services SHOULD instead use the equivalent domain name system (DNS) features (RFCs 1794 and 2782).

Updates to the Logical Service server list may only be made by the original server, or servers listed with the “update” key missing or true. Clients MAY choose to advertise serverlist capability to servers with a false “update” key, but if so, MUST treat the server list provided as a subset of the current one, only considered in the context of this server. At least one server with “update” privilege MUST be attempted at least once daily.

If the “sticky” key is provided, then when that server is used, it should be used consistently for at least that many seconds, if possible.

A permanent change in server URI MAY be indicated with a simple “serverlist” parameter:

"serverlist":[{"uri": "http://newserver"}]

A temporary delegation to another server for 5 minutes MAY be indicated likewise:

"serverlist":[{"uri": "", avoid: 300}, {"uri": "http://newserver", "update": false}]

Motivation

There is reasonable concerns about mining currently being too centralized on pools, and the amount of control these pools hold. By exposing the details of the block proposals to the miners, they are enabled to audit and possibly modify the block before hashing it.

To encourage widespread adoption, this BIP should be a complete superset of the existing centralized getwork protocol, so pools are not required to make substantial changes to adopt it.

Rationale

Why allow servers to restrict the complete coinbase and nonce range?

This is necessary to provide a complete superset of JSON-RPC getwork functionality, so that pools may opt to enable auditing without significantly changing or increasing the complexity of their share validation or mining policies.
Since noncerange is optional (both for getwork and this BIP), neither clients nor servers are required to support it.

Why specify “time/*” mutations at all?

In most cases, these are implied by the mintime/mintimecur/maxtime/maxtimecur keys, but there may be cases that there are no applicable minimums/maximums.

What is the purpose of the “prevblock” mutation?

There are often cases where a miner has processed a new block before the server. If the server allows “prevblock” mutation, the miner may begin mining on the new block immediately, without waiting for a new template.

Why must both “mintime”/“maxtime” and “mintimeoff”/“maxtimeoff” keys be defined?

In some cases, the limits may be unrelated to the current time (such as the Bitcoin network itself; the minimum is always a fixed median time)
In other cases, the limits may be bounded by other rules (many pools limit the time header to within 5 minutes of when the share is submitted to them).

Is “target” really needed?

Some pools work with lower targets, and should not be expected to waste bandwidth ignoring shares that don’t meet it.
Required to be a proper superset of getwork.
As mining hashrates grow, some miners may need the ability to request a lower target from their pools to be able to manage their bandwidth use.

What is the purpose of the “hash” transaction list format?

Non-mining tools may wish to simply get a list of memory pool transactions.
Humans may wish to view their current memory pool.